Globally altered sleep patterns and physical activity levels by confinement in 5056 individuals: ECLB COVID-19 international online survey.

Symptoms of psychological distress and disorder have been widely reported in people under quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic; in addition to severe disruption of peoples' daily activity and sleep patterns. This study investigates the association between physical-activity levels and sleep patterns in quarantined individuals. An international Google online survey was launched in April 6th, 2020 for 12-weeks. Forty-one research organizations from Europe, North-Africa, Western-Asia, and the Americas promoted the survey through their networks to the general society, which was made available in 14 languages. The survey was presented in a differential format with questions related to responses "before" and "during" the confinement period. Participants responded to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. 5056 replies (59.4% female), from Europe (46.4%), Western-Asia (25.4%), America (14.8%) and North-Africa (13.3%) were analysed. The COVID-19 home confinement led to impaired sleep quality, as evidenced by the increase in the global PSQI score (4.37 ± 2.71 before home confinement vs. 5.32 ± 3.23 during home confinement) (p < 0.001). The frequency of individuals experiencing a good sleep decreased from 61% (n = 3063) before home confinement to 48% (n = 2405) during home confinement with highly active individuals experienced better sleep quality (p < 0.001) in both conditions. Time spent engaged in all physical-activity and the metabolic equivalent of task in each physical-activity category (i.e., vigorous, moderate, walking) decreased significantly during COVID-19 home confinement (p < 0.001). The number of hours of daily-sitting increased by ~2 hours/days during home confinement (p < 0.001). COVID-19 home confinement resulted in significantly negative alterations in sleep patterns and physical-activity levels. To maintain health during home confinement, physical-activity promotion and sleep hygiene education and support are strongly warranted.

Effects of home confinement on mental health and lifestyle behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak: insights from the ECLB-COVID19 multicentre study.

Although recognised as effective measures to curb the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak, social distancing and self-isolation have been suggested to generate a burden throughout the population. To provide scientific data to help identify risk factors for the psychosocial strain during the COVID-19 outbreak, an international cross-disciplinary online survey was circulated in April 2020. This report outlines the mental, emotional and behavioural consequences of COVID-19 home confinement. The ECLB-COVID19 electronic survey was designed by a steering group of multidisciplinary scientists, following a structured review of the literature. The survey was uploaded and shared on the Google online survey platform and was promoted by thirty-five research organizations from Europe, North Africa, Western Asia and the Americas. Questions were presented in a differential format with questions related to responses "before" and "during" the confinement period. 1047 replies (54% women) from Western Asia (36%), North Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other continents (3%) were analysed. The COVID-19 home confinement evoked a negative effect on mental wellbeing and emotional status (P < 0.001; 0.43 ≤ d ≤ 0.65) with a greater proportion of individuals experiencing psychosocial and emotional disorders (+10% to +16.5%). These psychosocial tolls were associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviours with a greater proportion of individuals experiencing (i) physical (+15.2%) and social (+71.2%) inactivity, (ii) poor sleep quality (+12.8%), (iii) unhealthy diet behaviours (+10%), and (iv) unemployment (6%). Conversely, participants demonstrated a greater use (+15%) of technology during the confinement period. These findings elucidate the risk of psychosocial strain during the COVID-19 home confinement period and provide a clear remit for the urgent implementation of technology-based intervention to foster an Active and Healthy Confinement Lifestyle AHCL).

Sleep Quality and Physical Activity as Predictors of Mental Wellbeing Variance in Older Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown: ECLB COVID-19 International Online Survey.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 lockdown could engender disruption to lifestyle behaviors, thus impairing mental wellbeing in the general population. This study investigated whether sociodemographic variables, changes in physical activity, and sleep quality from pre- to during lockdown were predictors of change in mental wellbeing in quarantined older adults. METHODS: A 12-week international online survey was launched in 14 languages on 6 April 2020. Forty-one research institutions from Europe, Western-Asia, North-Africa, and the Americas, promoted the survey. The survey was presented in a differential format with questions related to responses "pre" and "during" the lockdown period. Participants responded to the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, and the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS: Replies from older adults (aged >55 years, n = 517), mainly from Europe (50.1%), Western-Asia (6.8%), America (30%), and North-Africa (9.3%) were analyzed. The COVID-19 lockdown led to significantly decreased mental wellbeing, sleep quality, and total physical activity energy expenditure levels (all p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that the change in total PSQI score and total physical activity energy expenditure (F(2, 514) = 66.41 p < 0.001) were significant predictors of the decrease in mental wellbeing from pre- to during lockdown (p < 0.001, R2: 0.20). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 lockdown deleteriously affected physical activity and sleep patterns. Furthermore, change in the total PSQI score and total physical activity energy expenditure were significant predictors for the decrease in mental wellbeing.

Psychological consequences of COVID-19 home confinement: The ECLB-COVID19 multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: Public health recommendations and government measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have enforced restrictions on daily-living. While these measures are imperative to abate the spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on mental health and emotional wellbeing is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey (ECLB-COVID19) was launched on April 6, 2020 in seven languages to elucidate the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on mental health and emotional wellbeing. METHODS: The ECLB-COVID19 electronic survey was designed by a steering group of multidisciplinary scientists, following a structured review of the literature. The survey was uploaded and shared on the Google online-survey-platform and was promoted by thirty-five research organizations from Europe, North-Africa, Western-Asia and the Americas. All participants were asked for their mental wellbeing (SWEMWS) and depressive symptoms (SMFQ) with regard to "during" and "before" home confinement. RESULTS: Analysis was conducted on the first 1047 replies (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other (3%). The COVID-19 home confinement had a negative effect on both mental-wellbeing and on mood and feelings. Specifically, a significant decrease (p < .001 and Δ% = 9.4%) in total score of the SWEMWS questionnaire was noted. More individuals (+12.89%) reported a low mental wellbeing "during" compared to "before" home confinement. Furthermore, results from the mood and feelings questionnaire showed a significant increase by 44.9% (p < .001) in SMFQ total score with more people (+10%) showing depressive symptoms "during" compared to "before" home confinement. CONCLUSION: The ECLB-COVID19 survey revealed an increased psychosocial strain triggered by the home confinement. To mitigate this high risk of mental disorders and to foster an Active and Healthy Confinement Lifestyle (AHCL), a crisis-oriented interdisciplinary intervention is urgently needed.

COVID-19 Home Confinement Negatively Impacts Social Participation and Life Satisfaction: A Worldwide Multicenter Study.

Public health recommendations and governmental measures during the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have enforced numerous restrictions on daily living including social distancing, isolation, and home confinement. While these measures are imperative to mitigate spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on psychosocial health is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey was launched in April 2020 to elucidate the behavioral and lifestyle consequences of COVID-19 restrictions. This report presents the preliminary results from more than one thousand responders on social participation and life satisfaction. METHODS: Thirty-five research organizations from Europe, North-Africa, Western Asia, and the Americas promoted the survey through their networks to the general society, in 7 languages (English, German, French, Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, and Slovenian). Questions were presented in a differential format with questions related to responses "before" and "during" confinement conditions. RESULTS: 1047 participations (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%), and others (3%) were included in the analysis. Findings revealed psychosocial strain during the enforced COVID-19 home confinement. Large decreases (p < 0.001) in the amount of social activity through family (-58%), friends/neighbors (-44.9%), or entertainment (-46.7%) were triggered by the enforced confinement. These negative effects on social participation were also associated with lower life satisfaction (-30.5%) during the confinement period. Conversely, the social contact score through digital technologies significantly increased (p < 0.001) during the confinement period with more individuals (+24.8%) being socially connected through digital technology. CONCLUSION: These preliminary findings elucidate the risk of psychosocial strain during the early COVID-19 home confinement period in 2020. Therefore, in order to mitigate the negative psychosocial effects of home confinement, implementation of national strategies focused on promoting social inclusion through a technology-based solution is strongly suggested.

Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey.

BACKGROUND: Public health recommendations and governmental measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in numerous restrictions on daily living including social distancing, isolation and home confinement. While these measures are imperative to abate the spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on health behaviours and lifestyles at home is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey was launched in April 2020, in seven languages, to elucidate the behavioural and lifestyle consequences of COVID-19 restrictions. This report presents the results from the first thousand responders on physical activity (PA) and nutrition behaviours. METHODS: Following a structured review of the literature, the "Effects of home Confinement on multiple Lifestyle Behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak (ECLB-COVID19)" Electronic survey was designed by a steering group of multidisciplinary scientists and academics. The survey was uploaded and shared on the Google online survey platform. Thirty-five research organisations from Europe, North-Africa, Western Asia and the Americas promoted the survey in English, German, French, Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese and Slovenian languages. Questions were presented in a differential format, with questions related to responses "before" and "during" confinement conditions. RESULTS: 1047 replies (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other (3%) were included in the analysis. The COVID-19 home confinement had a negative effect on all PA intensity levels (vigorous, moderate, walking and overall). Additionally, daily sitting time increased from 5 to 8 h per day. Food consumption and meal patterns (the type of food, eating out of control, snacks between meals, number of main meals) were more unhealthy during confinement, with only alcohol binge drinking decreasing significantly. CONCLUSION: While isolation is a necessary measure to protect public health, results indicate that it alters physical activity and eating behaviours in a health compromising direction. A more detailed analysis of survey data will allow for a segregation of these responses in different age groups, countries and other subgroups, which will help develop interventions to mitigate the negative lifestyle behaviours that have manifested during the COVID-19 confinement.

Multimodal HIIT is more efficient than moderate continuous training for management of body composition, lipid profile and glucose metabolism in the diabetic elderly / El entrenamiento multimodal es más eficiente que el entrenamiento continuo moderado para el manejo de la composición corporal, el perfil de lípidos y el metabolismo de la glucosa en adultos mayores diabéticos

The exercise could play a central role to the fat management and glucose metabolism what can be a critical role in the health status of diabetic people, but the high intense exercise remains with controversial data about their effects. To identify the effect of the multimodal high-intensity interval training on body composition, lipid profile, and glucose metabolism in elderly diabetics. Methods: Elderly diabetic individuals (n = 48) were randomly divided in a Sedentary Control (SC) group, a Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) group, and a High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) group. MICT and HITT were conducted over 60 days, 3x per week, with 40 minutes of exercise. Blood was collected prior to intervention, at four, and at eight weeks subsequently to assess glucose metabolism and lipid profiles. Body composition was determined before and after the intervention period. To verify the normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test was performed, followed by student "t" test or two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc test with significance of 5 % the Cohen's f test to indicate the magnitude of the differences. HIIT significantly lowered cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and significantly lowered blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels (p<0.05). MICT and HIIT significantly increased levels of high-density lipoprotein, decreased total body mass and body mass index. HIIT resulted in significantly smaller waist circumferences, waist-to-hip ratios, and weight-to-height ratios over 60 days of training. HIIT is more effective than MICT for improving lipid and glycaemic profiles, decreasing body fat, and improving fat distribution elderly diabetics.

El ejercicio podría desempeñar un papel central en el manejo de la grasa y el metabolismo de la glucosa, lo que puede ser un papel crítico en el estado de salud de las personas diabéticas, pero el ejercicio intenso intenso sigue teniendo datos controvertidos sobre sus efectos. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar el efecto del entrenamiento multimodal de intervalos de alta intensidad sobre la composición corporal, el perfil lipídico y el metabolismo de la glucosa en diabéticos de edad avanzada. Los individuos diabéticos de edad avanzada (n = 48) se dividieron aleatoriamente en un grupo de control sedentario (SC), un grupo de entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada (MICT) y un grupo de entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT). MICT y HITT se realizaron durante 60 días, 3 veces por semana, con 40 minutos de ejercicio. Se recogió sangre antes de la intervención, a las cuatro y a las ocho semanas posteriormente para evaluar el metabolismo de la glucosa y los perfiles de lípidos. La composición corporal se determinó antes y después del período de intervención. Para verificar la normalidad se realizó la prueba estadística de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, seguida de la prueba "t" de Student o ANOVA de dos vías con la prueba post hoc de Bonferroni con una significancia del 5 % de la prueba f de Cohen, indicando las diferencias. HIIT redujo significativamente los niveles de colesterol y triglicéridos, además de reducir de manera importante los niveles de glucosa en la sangre y la hemoglobina glicosilada (p <0.05). MICT y HIIT aumentaron significativamente los niveles de lipoproteína de alta densidad, disminuyeron la masa corporal total y el índice de masa corporal. HIIT resultó en circunferencias de cintura significativamente más pequeñas, relaciones cintura-cadera y relaciones peso-altura durante 60 días de entrenamiento. HIIT es más efectivo que MICT para mejorar los perfiles de lípidos y glucémicos, disminuir la grasa corporal y mejorar la distribución de grasa en los diabéticos de edad avanzada.

Prediction of maximum oxygen uptake through incremental exercise testing using ventilometry: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is the main tool assessing cardiorespiratory fitness. However, cardiopulmonary exercise testing devices are expensive and often cannot be used. OBJECTIVE: The present study sought to develop cardiopulmonary exercise testing equations for estimating maximum oxygen uptake from ergometric testing combined with ventilometry. METHODS: 181 volunteers of both sexes were submitted to cardiopulmonary exercise testing on treadmill using an incremental protocol. Volunteers were randomized into two groups: regression group: composed of 68 women with age 24.7±6.0 years and 54 men aged 21.5±3.9 years; and a cross-validation group composed of 29 women with mean age of 23.8±4.7 years and 30 men with a mean age of 23.1±4.4 years. The estimating equations were developed using multiple stepwise linear regressions; comparison of means was done using a t test and reliability assessed by Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: 8 independent variables exhibited a significant result for estimating VO2max: minute ventilation (E) at second ventilatory threshold (VT-II): (E _VT-II); heart rate at VT-II (HR_VT-II); body mass (BM); body mass index (BMI); fat percentage (F%); age; sex; velocity at VT-II (Vel_VT-II); test time of VT-II (T_VT-II) and final test velocity (Velfinal). Two equations presented more accurate results; for active subjects: Equation2 = 33.08 + 2.41*(Velfinal) - 0.32*(F%) + 0.40*(VE_VT-II) - 0.26*(BM) - 0.09*(HR_VT-II); for sedentary subjects: Equation3 for = 54.65 + 1.37*(T_VT-II) + 8.24*(sex) - 1.26*(BMI) + 0.37*(VE_VT-II) - 0.12*(HR_VT-II). CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that the use of parameters collected during maximal ergometric test combined with ventilometry, improved the accuracy of equations for estimating maximum oxygen uptake.

Effects of dance on the postural balance, cognition and functional autonomy of older adults.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the postural balance, cognition and functional autonomy of older adults with dementia, who are long-stay inpatients, subjected to ballroom dancing. METHOD: simple randomized clinical study. Older adult sample: control group (30) and experimental group (30). The groups were subjected to the protocol of functional autonomy for activities of daily living; to the assessment of cognition (mini-mental state examination); and to the analysis of postural balance (stabilometric and postural platforms). The analysis of variance with repeated measures for group and time factors, and Scheffé's post hoc test were used, with significance of p < 0.05. RESULTS: For the mini-mental state examination, the control group presented a 24.27 mean, and the experimental 22.75. Functional autonomy for activities of daily living - experimental: 54.47 ± 7.24 (p < 0.0001) x control: 61.77 ± 8.47 (p = 0.011). Postural balance - experimental: X = 3.16 ± 3.44 (p = 0.02) x control = X = 6.30 ± 7.62 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Ballroom dancing can be recommended for older adults to provide improvement in their balance and motor performance of the activities of daily living.

Effects of dance on the postural balance, cognition and functional autonomy of older adults / Efectos del baile en el equilibrio postural, en la cognición y en la autonomía funcional de los ancianos / Efeitos da dança no equilíbrio postural, na cognição e na autonomia funcional de idosos

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the postural balance, cognition and functional autonomy of older adults with dementia, who are long-stay inpatients, subjected to ballroom dancing. Method: simple randomized clinical study. Older adult sample: control group (30) and experimental group (30). The groups were subjected to the protocol of functional autonomy for activities of daily living; to the assessment of cognition (mini-mental state examination); and to the analysis of postural balance (stabilometric and postural platforms). The analysis of variance with repeated measures for group and time factors, and Scheffé's post hoc test were used, with significance of p < 0.05. Results: For the mini-mental state examination, the control group presented a 24.27 mean, and the experimental 22.75. Functional autonomy for activities of daily living - experimental: 54.47 ± 7.24 (p < 0.0001) x control: 61.77 ± 8.47 (p = 0.011). Postural balance - experimental: X = 3.16 ± 3.44 (p = 0.02) x control = X = 6.30 ± 7.62 (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Ballroom dancing can be recommended for older adults to provide improvement in their balance and motor performance of the activities of daily living.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el equilibrio postural, la cognición y la autonomía funcional de los ancianos con demencia, institucionalizados de larga permanencia, sometidos al baile de salón. Método: estudio clínico aleatorizado simple. Muestra de ancianos: grupo control (30) y grupo experimental (30). Los grupos fueron sometidos al protocolo de autonomía funcional para actividades de la vida diaria, a la evaluación de la cognición (mini examen del estado mental), y el análisis del equilibrio postural (pedana estabilométrica y posturométrica). Se hizo el análisis de la varianza, con medidas repetidas en los factores grupo y tiempo, y el post hoc de Scheffé, con significancia p < 0,05. Resultados: El grupo control presentó en el mini examen del estado mental promedio de 24,27, y el experimental 22,75. Autonomía funcional para actividades de la vida diaria - experimental: 54,47 ± 7,24 (p<0,0001) × control: 61,77 ± 8,47 (p = 0,011). Equilibrio postural - experimental: X = 3,16 ± 3,44 (p = 0,02) × control = X = 6,30 ± 7,62 (p= 0,04). Conclusión: El baile de salón debe ser indicado para proporcionar una mejora en el equilibrio y el rendimiento motor en las actividades de la vida diaria de los ancianos.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o equilíbrio postural, a cognição e a autonomia funcional de idosos com demência, institucionalizados de longa permanência, submetidos à dança de salão. Método: estudo clínico randomizado simples. Amostra de idosos: grupo controle (30) e grupo experimental (30). Os grupos foram submetidos ao protocolo de autonomia funcional para atividades da vida diária; à avaliação da cognição (miniexame do estado mental); e à análise do equilíbrio postural (pedana estabilométrica e posturométrica). Fez-se a análise de variância, com medidas repetidas nos fatores grupo e tempo, e o post hoc de Scheffé, com significância p < 0,05. Resultados: O grupo controle apresentou no miniexame do estado mental média de 24,27, e o experimental 22,75. Autonomia funcional para atividades da vida diária - experimental: 54,47 ± 7,24 (p < 0,0001) x controle: 61,77 ± 8,47 (p = 0,011). Equilíbrio postural - experimental: X = 3,16 ± 3,44 (p = 0,02) x controle = X = 6,30 ± 7,62 (p = 0,04). Conclusão: A dança de salão deve ser indicada para proporcionar melhora no equilíbrio e no desempenho motor nas atividades da vida diária de idosos.

Postural balance and falls in elderly nursing home residents enrolled in a ballroom dancing program.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a ballroom dancing program on the postural balance of institutionalized elderly residents. The sample consisted of 59 sedentary elderly residents of long-stay institutions who were randomly assigned to a ballroom dancing experimental group (EG, n=30) or a control group (CG, n=29). The ballroom dancing program consisted of three 50-min sessions each week on alternate days over a 12-week period. The dances included the foxtrot, waltz, rumba, swing, samba and bolero. The medical records of the subjects were reviewed to determine the number of falls they experienced in the three months prior to the intervention. Postural static balance was assessed using a Lizard (Med. EU., Italy, 2010) stabilometric and posturometric platform. Only patients in the EG lost a significant amount of weight (Δ=-2.85 kg) when comparing the pre- and post-test postural balance assessments. The intergroup comparison revealed a reduced lower limb weight distribution difference in the EG post-test compared to the CG post-test (p=0.012). In the intragroup comparison, the EG patients experienced significantly fewer falls post-test relative to pre-test (p<0.0001). This improvement was not observed for patients in the CG. In the intergroup analysis, we observed fewer falls in the EG post-test compared to the CG post-test (p<0.0001). Therefore it was conclude that sedentary elderly people living in long-term institutions can improve their balance via a ballroom dancing program. This activity improved balance and reduced the number of falls in this elderly population.

Functional autonomy, bone mineral density (BMD) and serum osteocalcin levels in older female participants of an aquatic exercise program (AAG).

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an AAG on BMD, osteocalcin and functional autonomy in older women. The sample consisted of eighty-two post-menopausal women with low BMD, randomly divided into two groups: the Aquatic Aerobics Group [AAG; n=42; age: 66.8±4.2years], submitted to two weekly sessions over eight months, and the Control Group (GC; n=42; age: 66.9±3.2years), which did not participate in regular exercise. BMD was measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry [DXA] of the lumbar and femur, and serum osteocalcin was measured using electrochemiluminescence. A functional autonomy assessment protocol (GDLAM, 2004) was also applied. Statistical analyses used were repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests. The results showed a significant improvement in tests following the GDLAM protocol: 10 meters walk (10mw) -p=0.003; rising from a ventral decubitus position (RVDP) - Δ%=0.78, p<0.001; rising from a chair and moving around the house (RCMH) -p<0.001 and autonomy index (AI) -p=0.007, with more favorable results observed in the AAG when compared to the CG. The AAG achieved the best results for BMD; however, no inter or intragroup statistical differences were recorded for total femur -p=0.975 and lumbar L(2)-L(4)p=0.597. For serum osteocalcin, intra and intergroup statistical differences of p=0.042 and p=0.027 were observed in the AAG, respectively. This demonstrates that an eight-month aquatic aerobic exercise program can improve functional autonomy and osteocalcin levels, although training did not improve lumbar and total femur BMD in the older women.

Prevalência de lombalgias e inatividade física: o impacto dos fatores psicossociais em gestantes atendidas pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família / Prevalence of lower back pain and physical inactivity: the impact of psychosocial factors in pregnant women served by the Family Health Strategy

Objective: This study analyzed the impact of psychosocial factors on pregnant women with lower back pain and an associated lack of physical activity prior to pregnancy. Methods: The sample included 66 pregnant women who were randomly selected from a total of 84 patients in the waiting rooms of the Family Health Units in Cuitegí, Paraíba, from September to November 2009. An epidemiological questionnaire adapted from the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale was used for data collection. The questions about back pain, physical activity, and psychosocial factors were emphasized. SPSS 16.0 was used for the data analysis. The prevalence of lower back pain and its relationship to gestational age, habitual physical activity, and psychosocial factors were studied using the descriptive statistics and relative percentages in the SPSS Crosstabs procedure. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for lower back pain were calculated. Results: The prevalence of lower back pain was 75%, which suggests that psychosocial factors were related to the presence of pain. Anxiety was reported in 42.8% of the women with lower back pain, and 38.7% of the women with lower back pain experienced physical fatigue at the end of the day. A higher percentage of pain (53%) was noted in the women who did not exercise prior to pregnancy. Conclusion: Lower back pain prior to pregnancy is associated with lack of physical activity and with psychosocial factors in the Family Health Strategy patients of Cuitegí county.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o impacto nos fatores psicossociais de gestantes com queixas de lombalgias associada à falta de atividade física antes da gravidez. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 66 gestantes, selecionadas aleatoriamente, de um total de 84, presentes nas salas de espera das Unidades de Saúde da Família no município de Cuitegí, Paraíba, no período de setembro a novembro de 2009. Para a coleta dos dados foi utilizado um questionário epidemiológico, adaptado da Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale, dando-se ênfase às perguntas sobre dor lombar, atividade física e fatores psicossociais. Para análise dos dados aplicou-se o SPSS 16.0, para a estatística descritiva de percentual relativo e Crosstabs foi realizado para razão de prevalência entre presença da dor lombar e a relação com a idade gestacional, e a presença do hábito de praticar atividade física e fatores psicossociais. Para a dor lombar no grupo estudado, realizou-se o cálculo do odds ratio, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: A prevalência da dor lombar foi de 75%, observando-se que os fatores psicossociais estão relacionados com a presença da dor. Das mulheres com dor lombar, 42,8% referiram ansiedade e 38,7% apresentaram cansaço físico no final do dia. Observou-se ainda um percentual maior de dor (53%) nas mulheres que não praticavam atividades físicas antes da gravidez. Conclusões: A lombalgia associada à falta da atividade física antes da gravidez interfere em fatores psicossociais de gestantes atendidas pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família do município de Cuitegí.

Prevalence of lower back pain and physical inactivity: the impact of psychosocial factors in pregnant women served by the Family Health Strategy.

OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the impact of psychosocial factors on pregnant women with lower back pain and an associated lack of physical activity prior to pregnancy. METHODS: The sample included 66 pregnant women who were randomly selected from a total of 84 patients in the waiting rooms of the Family Health Units in Cuitegí, Paraíba, from September to November 2009. An epidemiological questionnaire adapted from the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale was used for data collection. The questions about back pain, physical activity, and psychosocial factors were emphasized. SPSS 16.0 was used for the data analysis. The prevalence of lower back pain and its relationship to gestational age, habitual physical activity, and psychosocial factors were studied using the descriptive statistics and relative percentages in the SPSS Crosstabs procedure. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for lower back pain were calculated. RESULTS: The prevalence of lower back pain was 75%, which suggests that psychosocial factors were related to the presence of pain. Anxiety was reported in 42.8% of the women with lower back pain, and 38.7% of the women with lower back pain experienced physical fatigue at the end of the day. A higher percentage of pain (53%) was noted in the women who did not exercise prior to pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Lower back pain prior to pregnancy is associated with lack of physical activity and with psychosocial factors in the Family Health Strategy patients of Cuitegí county.

Correlação entre autonomia funcional e qualidade de vida em idosas / Correlation between functional autonomy and quality of life in elderly women

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar os graus de correlação entre a autonomia funcional para as atividades da vida diária (AVDs) ea qualidade de vida (QV) em idosos. As mulheres idosas 15 voluntários (idade = 67,39 ± 4,23 anos de idade; IMC = 28,91 ± 3,41 kg / m 2) foram incluídos no aquático programas de exercícios físicos para 4,87 ± 1,06 meses. Eles foram submetidos a um bateria de testes de autonomia funcional do protocolo GDLAM 5 e QV avaliação foi através de um questionário WHOQOL-Old. O nível de p <0,05 foi ajustado para significância estatística. Através da correlação de Pearson, verificou-se uma significativa eo coeficiente de correlação inversa (r) entre o teste de caminhada de 10 m (10 mW) e Facet2 (Fac2), índice de autonomia geral (AI) mais Fac2 (r = -0,581; p = 0,023), levantar de uma cadeira e movendo-se em torno da casa (RCMH), Fac4 (r = -0,543; p = 0,036), 10mW mais a qualidade de vida global (GQoL-Velho) (r = -0,532; p = 0,041), e RCMH e GQoL-velha (r = -0,597, p = 0,019). a correlação foi baixa em todos os demais testes e facetas. Estes resultados sugerem que o atividade física aquática pode aumentar os níveis de qualidade de vida, tanto quanto o desempenho em ADL das idosas.

The aim of the present research was to determine the degrees of correlation between functional autonomy for activities of daily living (ADL) and the quality of life (QoL) in elderly individuals. The 15 volunteer elderly women (age = 67.39 ± 4.23 years old; BMI = 28.91 ± 3.41 kg/m2) were enrolled in aquatic physical exercise programs for 4.87 ± 1.06 months. They were submitted to a battery of 5 GDLAM protocol functional autonomy tests and the QoL evaluation was by WHOQOL-Old questionnaire. A level of p < 0.05 was set for statistical significance. Using Pearson’s correlation, we found a significant and inverse correlation coefficient (r) between the 10 m walking test (10mW) and Facet2 (Fac2), general autonomy index (AI) plus Fac2 (r= -0.581; p=0.023), rising from a chair and moving around the house (RCMH) , Fac4 (r= -0.543; p=0.036), 10mW plus the global quality of life (GQoL-Old) (r= -0.532; p=0.041), and RCMH and GQoL-Old (r= -0.597; p=0.019). The correlation was low in every remaining tests and facets. These results suggest that the aquatic physical activity can increase the QoL levels as much as the performance on ADL of the elderly women.

Effects of muscle strength and aerobic training on basal serum levels of IGF-1 and cortisol in elderly women.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of muscle strength and aerobic training on the basal serum levels of IGF-1 and cortisol in elderly women. The subjects were divided in three groups as follows. 1. Strength training group (SG) submitted to the weight training called 1-repetition maximum test (1-RM, 75-85%). This group contained 12 subjects of mean age=66.08+/-3.37 years; and body mass index (BMI)=26.0+/-3.72kg/m(2). (2) Aerobic training group (AG) submitted to aquatic exercise; they were 13 subjects of the mean age=68.69+/-4.70 years; and BMI=29.19+/-2.96kg/m(2). (3) A control group (CG) of 10 subjects, of mean age=68.80+/-5.41 years; BMI=29.70+/-2.82kg/m2. The training periods were 12 weeks, Fasting blood was analyzed to measure IGF-1 and basal cortisol levels (by chemiluminescence method), both at the beginning and the end of the intervention. Student's t-test revealed increased IGF-1 in the SG (p<0.05) compared to the other two groups. Repeated-measure ANOVA showed also elevated IGF-1 (p<0.05) in the SG compared to the other groups (AG and CG). There were no differences in cortisol levels. In conclusion, high-intensity training caused changes in IGF-1. This suggests that strength training may provoke anabolic effects in elderly individuals.

Perfis dos níveis de estresse e pressóricos de adultos hipertensos do Hospital PAM Bangu RJ / Profiles of stress and pressure levels in hypertensive adults of Hospital CSM Bangu RJ

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o perfil dos níveis de estresse e pressóricos de adultos hipertensos. Participaram deste estudo 23 voluntários hipertensos, sedentários de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 52,12 (± 5,52 anos). Foram identificados os seguintes dados com seus respectivos protocolos: pressão arterial e nível de atividade física. Foi avaliada, também, a fase do estresse em que se encontra cada um desses indivíduos. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva (shapiro wilk) para apresentar a idade e pressão arterial. Para as respostas do questionário de estresse, foi aplicado o teste Qui-quadrado com nível de significância de p < 0,05. Os resultados mostram que nas duas extremidades de classificação dos níveis de estresse, a fase de exaustão e a não existência de estresse apresentam oito indivíduos (35%) e um indivíduo (4%), respectivamente. Dos oito indivíduos que se encontraram na fase de exaustão, cinco deles foram classificados como hipertensos graves e os demais deste subgrupo não apresentaram nenhuma prevalência. O único indivíduo que não apresentou estresse foi o que mais se aproximou da normalidade da pressão arterial. Concluímos que o sedentarismo, hipertensão arterial e estresse, estão intimamente correlacionados.

The aim of this study was to analyze the profile of stress and blood pressure levels of adults with hypertension. The study was composed by twenty-tree volunteer subjects with hypertension, sedentary of both genders, average age 52.12 (± 5.52 years). Data were identified with the following protocols: blood pressure and level of physical activity. Also, stress stage was analyzed to know in which stage each subject was. It was used a descriptive statistical (Shapiro Wilk) to show age and blood pressure. Chi-quadrate test with significance level of p < 0.05 was applied to report on the stress questionnaire. The results showed that in the two extremities of the stress levels classification, eight subjects (35%) reached exhaustion stage and one subject (4%) showed non existence of stress. Five of eight subjects in the exhaustion stage were diagnosed severe hypertension while the others had no prevalence. Only one subject showed no stress and blood pressure was quite normal. One concludes that stress, blood pressure and sedentariness were intimately connected.

Análise da excreção urinária de hidroxiprolina e do nível de dor em sujeitos com lombalgia após alongamento na hidrocinesioterapia / Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline analysis and pain in subjects with low back pain after stretching in hydrotherapy

Hidroxiprolina (HP) e da lombalgia, através de um programa de hidrocinesioterapia, enfatizando o alongamento em água aquecida a 34°C. Participaram do estudo 8 policiais militares do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, do sexo masculino, entre 25 e 45 anos; todos com sintomatologia de lombalgia de causa idiopática e com encaminhamento médico à hidrocinesioterapia. O estudo realizou-se no Centro de Fisiatria e Reabilitação da Polícia Militar do Rio de Janeiro. A piscina onde foi realizada a intervenção media 12 x 6 m, 1,20 de profundidade, com a água a 34°C. A intervenção consistiu de dez sessões de hidrocinesioterapia, duas vezes por semana. Durante cada sessão de 50 minutos, foram realizados os seguintes exercícios: 5 minutos de aquecimento – caminhada; 40 minutos de exercícios específicos – bicicleta em suspensão com flutuador na região axilar; e 5 minutos de alongamento de paravertebrais, bíceps femural, glúteo médio e máximo, tensor da fascia lata, quadrado lombar e tríceps sural. A dor lombar foi mensurada através da escala CR-10 de Borg, antes e após as dez sessões do tratamento, e o nível de HP através do protocolo HPROLI 2h. Os resultados demonstraram que os níveis de HP, antes e depois do tratamento, foram iguais a 53,3 ± 22,6 e 31,6 ± 11,3 mg/d, respectivamente. O teste t de Student apresentou valor para t igual a 3,93, para p = 0,008 demonstrando haver diferença significativa entre HP antes e após a hidrocinesioterapia. Os níveis de dor mensurados, antes e depois do tratamento, foram iguais a 5 ± 2 e 2 ± 1, respectivamente. O teste de Wilcoxon apresentou valor para Z igual a 2,20, para p = 0,03 demonstrando haver diferença significativa entre estes níveis antes e após a hidrocinesioterapia. Conclui-se que o método de alongamento utilizado na hidrocinesioterapia, em pacientes com lombalgia, promoveu redução dos níveis de HP e dor lombar.

The aim of this study was to measure excretion levels of hidroxyproline (HP) in subjects with low back pain through a hydrotherapy program, emphasizing the stretching in warm water 34°C. The subjects of the study were 8 military policemen of the state of Rio de Janeiro, between 25 and 45 years old, all of them with idiopathic low back pain and recommendation to practice hydrotherapy. The intervention was in the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center of Military Policy of Rio de Janeiro. The swimming pool measured 12 x 6 m, with 1,20 of depth and water temperature of 34°C. The intervention consisted of ten sessions of hydrotherapy, twice a week. The exercise program, with 50 minutes each session, was as follows: 5 minutes of walking, 40 minutes of specific exercises – float suspension bicycle in the axillar area and 5 minutes of stretching of paravertebral, biceps femuralis, gluteus maximus and medius, tensor faciae latae muscle, lumbar quadrate and triceps surae. The low back pain was measured by Borg scale CR-10 before the 1st session of the intervention and after the last one, as well as HP level using HPROLI 2h protocol. The results showed that HP levels before and after treatment was 53.3 ± 22.6 and 31.6 ± 11.3 mg/d, respectively. The t Student test showed t 3.93, and for p = 0.008 showing a significant difference between HP levels before and after hydrotherapy. The low back pain before and after treatment was 5 ± 2 and 2 ± 1, respectively. The Wilconxon test showed Z 2,20 and for p = 0,03 and with significant difference between these levels before and after hydrotherapy. One concludes that the stretching method used by hydrotherapy in patients with low back pain promoted reduction in HP levels and low back pain.

Teste de autonomia funcional: vestir e tirar uma camiseta (vtc)* / Functional autonomy test: to dress and undress a sleeveless shirt (duss)

Objetivo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi testar a objetividade e a fidedignidade e validar pelo método face-validity um teste de avaliação da autonomia funcional dos membros superiores para indivíduos idosos, o teste de vestir e tirar uma camiseta (VTC). Métodos. A amostra, constituída de indivíduos idosos (n=39, média = 65,67 ± 5,44 anos), fez o teste VTC com dois avaliadores experientes. Esse teste consiste em vestir e tirar uma camiseta, estando o indivíduo de pé, com os braços ao longo do corpo e com uma camiseta em uma das mãos (no lado dominante). Ele inicia e termina na mesma posição. O tempo de execução é aferido por um cronômetro em segundos. Foi utilizado o método face-validity por um painel de cinco doutores especialistas para avaliar o VTC. A correlação de Pearson foi usada para testar a fidedignidade e a objetividade do instrumento. Resultados. O tratamento estatístico de correlação de Pearson apresentou um alto grau de objetividade (r=0,718) e fidedignidade (r=0,759) com significância estatística (p<0,01). Os cinco doutores especialistas consultados validaram o teste por unanimidade através do método face-validity. Conclusão. Os resultados apresentados permitem o uso do teste VTC para avaliar a autonomia funcional dos membros superiores dos indivíduos idosos nas atividades da vida diária.

Objective. The aim this study was to test the objectivity and reliability and validate by face-validity method a test of functional autonomy evaluation of uppers members on elderly people: to dress and undress a sleeveless shirt test (DUSS). Methods. The sample, constituted of elderly subjects (n=39, mean = 65,67 ± 5,44 years), did the test with two experienced evaluateres. This test consists on dressing and undressing a sleeveless shirt. The person should be stood up, the arms along the body and keeping in one of the hands, a sleeveless shirt (on the dominant side). He begins and finishes the exercise in the same position. The time of execution is determined by a chronometer in seconds. The face-validity method was applied by five specialist doctors to evaluate the VTC. Pearson’s correlation was used to test the reliability and the objectivity of the instrument. Results. Pearson’s correlation showed a high degree of objectivity (r=0,718) and reliability (r=0,759) with statistic significant (p<0,01). Five specialist doctors validated the DUSS by unanimity through the face-validity method. Conclusion. The results presented allow the use of DUSS test to evaluate eldely’s functional autonomy of uppers members on the activities of daily living (ADL).